Viruses

Clinically important Viral aetiologies

There are over 100 viruses that are associated with clinical illness in human. However around 20 of them are accountable for over 90 % of viral illness worldwide. In this section the route of transmission, clinical presentation, investigation and management of these viruses are summarised.

Viruses	Disease/illness
Herpes simplex Virus	Cold sores Genital herpes Encephalitis
Varicella Zoster Virus	Chickenpox Shingles Pneumonitis Congenital Varicella Syndrome
Cytomegalovirus	Infectious mononucleosis Pneumonitis, Colitis, and hepatitis in immunocompromised patients, retinitis Congenital abnormalities
Human Herpes Virus 6 and 7	Skin rash Febrile convulsion Pneumonitis, bone marrow suppression, encephalitis in immunocompromised patients
EBV	Infectious mononucleosis Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Malignancy ( Burkitt’s lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal Ca) CNS lymphoma in HIV infected patients
Human Herpes Virus 8	Kaposi's sarcoma Castleman’s disease
Adenovirus	Upper respiratory tract infection Conjunctivitis Diarrhoeal illness Encephalitis, hepatitis, and pneumonitis in immunocompromised patients
Influenza A and B	Flue Pneumonitis
Parainfluenza Viruses	Common cold Pharyngitis Bronchiolitis Croup
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses	Common cold Bronchiolitis
Metapneumoviruses	Upper respiratory tract infection Bronchiolitis
Measles	Skin rash Conjunctivitis Pneumonitis Encephalitis Miscarriage
Rubella	Skin rash Joint pain Congenital abnormalities
Mumps	Parotitis Pancreatitis Orchitis Meningoencephalitis
Enterovirus	Meningitis
Rotaviruses	Diarrhoeal illness
Noroviruses	Stomach flu (diarrhoea & Vomiting)
Astroviruses	Diarrhoeal illness
Polioviruses	Polio Meningitis
Hepatitis A	Jaundice (Hepatitis)
Hepatitis B	Jaundice (hepatitis ) Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatitis C	Jaundice (hepatitis) Vasculitis
Hepatitis D	Jaundice (hepatitis) Fulminant hepatic failure
Hepatitis E	Jaundice (hepatitis) Fulminant hepatic failure ( in pregnancy)
Human Immunodefiency Virus	AIDS Opportunistic infection
HTLV	Tropical spastic hemiplegia Leukaemia
Parvovirus	Anaemia Hydrops fetalis
Papillomavirus	Warts Skin cancer Cervical cancer
Polyomavirus	Nephritis Encephalitis
Hantaviruses	Haemorrhagic fever Renal failure Respiratory failure
Yellow Fever	Haemorrhagic fever
Japanese encephalitis	Encephalitis
Dengue fever	Febrile Illness Haemorrhagic fever
Ebola Virus	Haemorrhagic fever
Lassa Fever	Haemorrhagic fever Deafness
West Nile Virus	Encephalitis
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever	Haemorrhagic fever
Tick Borne Encephalitis	Encephalitis
Rabies	Encephalitis

Date this page is updated: 04/03/2007 23:13:30

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