Parainfluenza viruses 

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There are 4 serotypes.

Transmission

Transmission is through respiratory route

Incubation period-2 to 4 days

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Clinical presentations

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Upper respiratory tract infection

Coryzal symptoms.

 

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Type 1 and 2 Parainfluenza Virus.

The characteristic sign is strider.

 

 

Bronchiolitis

Type 3 Parainfluenza virus.

It is common in infants under 6 months old.

The cardinal signs are

Ø      Cough

Ø      Respiratory wheezing

Ø      Shortness of breath

 

Pneumonitis

Shortness of breath and cyanosis

 

Immunocompromised patients

Infection in immunocompromised patient is associated with high mortality.

Parainfluenza type 3 is the common one and it is difficult to treat.

 

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Investigation

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Diagnostic tests

Respiratory secretions

• IF and viral isolation.

• PCR can also be done.

Serology- convalescent blood for CFT

 

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Treatment 

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Supportive-antipyretics and fluid balance.

Bronchodilators.

 

Care for hospitalised patients

Rehydration and sedating the patients may be beneficial.

Antiviral may be used to treat infection in immunocompromised patients.

Although the response to Ribavirin therapy is disappointing, it is difficult to ignore its theoretical benefit.

 

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Prevention 

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There is no vaccine.

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