CNS Problem  

 

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Encephalitis

1. Non-travelers

• Herpes simplex

 

2. Travelers

• Tick borne encephalitis

• West Nile virus

• Japanese encephalitis

 

 

3. Post vaccination

• Measles

• Influenza

 

4. Immunocompromised patients

• Cytomegalovirus

• HHV 6

• Adenovirus

Signs and symptoms

 

Fever, altered state of consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, seizure and headache..

For practical purpose the above signs without sign of meningeal irritation.

 

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Meningitis

• Enterovirus

• Mumps

• Herpes simplex  type 2

 

Sign and symptoms

Severe headache, vomiting, photophobia, bulging fontanel, stiff neck, irritability, lethargy and high fever.

 

NB: bacterial meningitis is associated with high fatality and complications, and should be excluded before a diagnosis of viral meningitis is made.

 

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Investigation

• CSF for PCR.

• Stool and throat swab for virus isolation.

• Clotted blood for Serological studies

 

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